Due to its high sensitivity, GC/MS or LC/MS analysis methods are also used for testing hair, sweat, and other specimens that contain smaller amount of drugs of abuse.

Immunoassay drug test methods include laboratory testing methods and rapid on-site testing methods, or point of collection (POC) test methods. Laboratory drug testing usually employ enzyme immunoassay, such as ELISA, or EMIT assay methods. Such methods use an enzyme labeled drug antibody to trace small amount of drugs in urine, blood, or saliva specimens. The enzyme can be detected by a color reaction when an enzyme substrate is added to the enzyme containing solution. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methods are usually sensitive to less than 1ng/ml concentrations, but the assay reaction requires precision transfer of reagents, incubation time, and instrument reading of assay results.

Rapid test method for drug testing is a immunochromatographic assay method or lateral flow immunoassay method. Rapid lateral flow drug tests are simple to perform, the test reagents are easy to transport and store. Rapid drug test methods usually involve adding test sample one step action. Therefore, such tests are often called one-step tests or one step tests. The test results are visually read in 5-10 minutes.

Urine drug testing devices are the most popular among all rapid drug test devices. Urine rapid drug test devices are made into dipsticks, cards, cassettes, or cups.

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